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Specialized computer devices at the border of an Internet-connected network that store a specialized map of the Internet and contribute to this map by informing its neighbors about what it “knows” about its part of the Internet. Internal routers are used to structure larger networks. These contain routing tables representing the internal network structure. Functionally, routers forward data packets to their destinations through the routing process—usually associated with the Internet Protocol. Routing occurs at the layer 3 Network Level of the OSI seven-layer model. Specialized computer devices at the border of an Internet-connected network that store a specialized map of the Internet and contribute to this map by informing its neighbors about what it “knows” about its part of the Internet. Internal routers are used to structure larger networks. These contain routing tables representing the internal network structure. Functionally, routers forward data packets to their destinations through the routing process—usually associated with the Internet Protocol. Routing occurs at the layer 3 Network Level of the OSI seven-layer model. Cisco Systems, Inc. and Juniper are two providers of router equipment, and in recent times both have issued advisories regarding vulnerable routing software. For example, on January 27, 2005, Juniper told all M- and T-series router clients using software made before January 7, 2005, to either upgrade the software or risk becoming victimized by a serious security vulnerability that was exploitable either by a device directly attached to the router or by a remote attack. Cited as a “high” risk level, the vulnerability was transmitted to the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team by Qwest. Previously, Juniper had marketed its software as being more stable and more reliable than Cisco’s IOS. On February 16, 2005, Cisco released a fresh line of security products that it claimed could thwart elusive network threats such as phishing, viruses, and DoS attacks. With this news, IT security professionals had both rave but very cautious reviews. Duffy, J. Juniper Bitten by Software Bug. [Online, January 27, 2005.] Network World, Inc. Website. http://www.nwfusion.com/edge/news/2005/0127juniper .html; GNU_Free Documentation License. Routers. [Online, May 18, 2005.] GNU_Free Documentation License Website. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router; Schell, B.H. and Martin, C. Contemporary World Issues Series: Cybercrime: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2004; Storer, A. New Cisco Security Strategy Targets Elusive Threats. [Online, February 16, 2005.] TechTarget Website. http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/original Content/0,289142,sid7_gci1059436,00.html.